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Object Oriented Programming

 The word object-oriented is the combination of two words i.e. object and oriented. The dictionary meaning of the object is an article or entity that exists in the real world. The meaning of oriented is interested in a particular kind of thing or entity. In layman's terms, it is a programming pattern that rounds around an object or entity are called object-oriented programming.

The object-oriented programming is basically a computer programming design philosophy or methodology that organizes/ models software design around data, or objects rather than functions and logic.

An object is referred to as a data field that has unique attributes and behavior. Everything in OOP is grouped as self-sustainable objects.

It is the most popular programming model among developers. It is well suited for programs that are large, complex, and actively updated or maintained. It simplifies software development and maintenance by providing major concepts such as abstraction, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. These core concepts support OOP.

A real-world example of OOP is the automobile. It more completely illustrates the power of object-oriented design.

OOPs Concepts

  1. Object
  2. Class
  3. Inheritance
  4. Polymorphism
  5. Abstraction
  6. Encapsulation

Object

An object is a real-world entity that has attributes, behavior, and properties. It is referred to as an instance of the class. It contains member functions, variables that we have defined in the class. It occupies space in the memory. Different objects have different states or attributes, and behaviors.

Class

A class is a blueprint or template of an object. It is a user-defined data type. Inside a class, we define variables, constants, member functions, and other functionality. it binds data and functions together in a single unit. It does not consume memory at run time. Note that classes are not considered as a data structure. It is a logical entity. It is the best example of data binding. Note that a class can exist without an object but vice-versa is not possible.

OOP languages

List of OOP languages are Java, C++, C#, Python, R, PHP, Visual Basic.NET, JavaScript, Ruby, Perl, Object Pascal, Objective-C, Dart, Swift, Scala, Kotlin, Common Lisp, MATLAB, and Smalltalk.

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